超声波辅助提取蓝莓果渣中花色苷的工艺研究

目的:确定超声波辅助提取蓝莓果渣中花色苷的最佳工艺。方法:采用正交试验确定超声波辅助提取蓝莓花色苷的最佳工艺条件。结果:超声波辅助提取蓝莓果渣中花色苷的最佳工艺条件为提取剂为酸性乙醇,固液比1∶60(g/mL),超声波功率350W,萃取时间40min,提取温度75℃。在此条件下,确定的蓝莓果渣花色苷含量3.122mg/g。结论:超声波辅助提取技术对充分利用蓝莓资源获取高附加值的花色苷是可行的。     

内廊式建筑热压诱导通风模式的研究

指出了基于热压通风原理的被动式诱导通风是一种有效的绿色建筑节能策略,分析了常规热压通风应用模式及存在的问题,在此基础上,针对内廊式建筑的特征及气候适用性,提出了一种具有生态效能的热压诱导自然通风模式,探讨了该通风模式的工作原理、应用特性,并说明了其节能设计上的可行性.此结果为深入研究和应用热压自然通风新技术提供一定的思路.     

我国复配食品添加剂发展现状、问题及对策

综述复配食品添加剂的定义、分类和特点,针对我国复配食品添加剂在生产应用中存在的主要问题,提出相应的解决措施,展望复配食品添加剂在我国的发展前景,为推动复配食品添加剂产业发展提供借鉴。     

Heterosis and combining ability of seven maize germplasm populations

Understanding the combining ability and heterosis of available germplasm is a prerequisite for successful maize improvement and breeding. The objectives of this study were to analyze the combining ability and heterosis of seven representative maize germplasm populations, and further, to evaluate their potential utility in germplasm improvement. A total of 21 crosses were made among these seven populations in a complete diallel without reciprocals. The parental populations and 21 crosses were evaluated for days to silking (DS), ear height (EH), and grain yield (GY) in the Northeast and Yellow and Huai River maize growing areas in China in 2012. Csyn5, Csyn7, Cpop.11, and Cpop.12 had desirable general combining ability (GCA) effects for DS and EH in both the Northeast China mega-environment (NCM) and the Yellow and Huai River Regions of China mega-environment (YHCM). Cpop.11 possessed a favorable GCA effect for GY in the NCM, as did Csyn5, Cpop.17, and Cpop.18 in the YHCM. Csyn6 and Csyn7 exhibited tremendous yield-enhancing potential in both mega-environments. Additionally, six combinations including Csyn7 × Csyn6, Csyn5 × Csyn6, Cpop.11 × Cpop.18, Cpop.12 × Cpop.17, Csyn7 × Cpop.17, and Csyn5 × Csyn7 exhibited better specific combining ability effects for GY, yield performance, and mid-parent heterosis in the appropriate mega-environment. These results indicated that the seven populations would be very useful for the improvement of related agronomic traits, and the six candidate combinations possessed great potential for further improvement and utilization.     

小麦PHO基因家族全基因组鉴定及表达分析

PHO基因家族主要参与磷酸盐的转运，在植物生长发育中起重要作用。为研究小麦PHO基因家族成员的潜在功能，本研究从小麦全基因组中鉴定PHO基因家族成员，并利用生物信息学手段对其基因结构特征、蛋白结构域、系统进化、顺式作用元件及表达特性进行分析。结果在小麦全基因组中共鉴定到12个PHO基因家族成员，所有成员均含有SPX和EXS结构域。系统进化、保守结构域和基因结构分析发现，小麦PHO蛋白与拟南芥PHO1-H1蛋白以及水稻PHO1蛋白亲缘关系较近；除TaPHO7、TaPHO10、TaPHO11和TaPHO12蛋白缺少部分基序外，其余小麦PHO蛋白均具有完整基序，且同一亚组内的成员具有相似的蛋白保守结构域和基因结构，说明PHO亚家族成员间高度保守。顺式作用元件分析发现，小麦PHO基因启动子区域含有与磷调控相关的激素诱导、光响应、低温响应等元件。基于RNA＿seq数据的组织特异性分析发现，大部分PHO基因在根中的表达量较高。qRT-PCR分析发现，低磷胁迫处理下磷高效小麦品种小偃54地下部分(根) TaPHO7和 TaPHO8基因的表达量显著高于对照。     

Characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">pax3a</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">pax3b</Emphasis> genes in artificially induced polyploid and gynogenetic olive flounder (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Paralichthys olivaceus</Emphasis>) during embryogenesis

Although chromosome set manipulation techniques including polyploidy induction and gynogentic induction in flatfish are becoming increasingly mature, there exists a poor understanding of their effects on embryonic development. PAX3 plays crucial roles during embryonic myogenesis and neurogenesis. In olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), there are two duplicated pax3 genes (pax3a, pax3b), and both of them are expressed in the brain and muscle regions with some subtle regional differences. We utilized pax3a and pax3b as indicators to preliminarily investigate whether chromosome set manipulation affects embryonic neurogenesis and myogenesis using whole-mount in situ hybridization. In the polyploid induction groups, 94 % of embryos in the triploid induction group had normal pax3a/3b expression patterns; however, 45 % of embryos in the tetraploid induction group showed abnormal pax3a/3b expression patterns from the tailbud formation stage to the hatching stage. Therefore, the artificial induction of triploidy and tetraploidy had a small or a moderate effect on flounder embryonic myogenesis and neurogenesis, respectively. In the gynogenetic induction groups, 87 % of embryos in the meiogynogenetic diploid induction group showed normal pax3a/3b expression patterns. However, almost 100 % of embryos in the gynogenetic haploid induction group and 63 % of embryos in the mitogynogenetic diploid induction group showed abnormal pax3a/3b expression patterns. Therefore, the induction of gynogenetic haploidy and mitogynogenetic diploidy had large effects on flounder embryonic myogenesis and neurogenesis. In conclusion, the differential expression of pax3a and pax3b may provide new insights for consideration of fish chromosome set manipulation.     

浙江安吉县实施毛竹收购价格指数保险的实践

近年来，随着劳动力工资水平的快速提高以及一系列严格的环保政策的出台，浙江安吉县毛竹收购价格持续走低并在较长时期处于低价徘徊，直接影响了竹农的经济收入和生产管理的积极性，出现了毛竹林抛荒失管现象。为保障竹林经营者的基本收益，扶持竹产业健康持续发展，安吉县探索实施了毛竹收购价格指数保险措施。文章介绍了安吉县毛竹收购价格指数保险的提出、方案设置以及实施2年来的实践情况，探讨了该保险所发挥的作用，提出了进一步改进的建议。     

奶山羊CIDEa基因的克隆、序列分析与组织表达

为获得奶山羊CIDEa基因序列并检测其在乳腺组织中的表达,采用RT-PCR技术从奶山羊乳腺组织扩增CIDEa基因序列,利用生物信息学软件对其进行预测分析,并采用荧光定量PCR检测CIDEa在干奶期和不同泌乳时期乳腺组织中的表达。结果表明:通过克隆测序得到奶山羊CIDEa基因CDS区660 bp,编码219个氨基酸,与GenBank公布的绵羊、牛、人和猪的核苷酸序列同源性分别为99%、96%、85%、85%。奶山羊CIDEa蛋白属于碱性、不稳定亲水蛋白,不存在跨膜结构和信号肽;蛋白主要定位在细胞质、线粒体和细胞核。CIDEa蛋白结构主要由α螺旋、β折叠和不规则卷曲组成。奶山羊CIDEa在泌乳前期、盛期和中期乳腺组织中表达量均显著高于干奶期(P<0.05)。说明CIDEa可能参与奶山羊乳腺的泌乳过程,为进一步研究其在奶山羊乳腺组织中的功能及对乳品质的调控作用奠定基础。